Math Glossary Mathematics Terms and Definitions

This is a glossary of common math terms used in arithmetic, geometry, algebra, and statistics. Abacus:  An early counting tool used for basic arithmetic. Absolute Value:  Always a positive number, refers to the distance of a number from 0, the distances are positive. Acute Angle:  The measure of an angle with a measure between 0 ° and 90 ° or with less than 90 ° radians. Addend:  A number which is involved in addition. Numbers being added are considered to be the addends. Algebra Algorithm Angle Angle Bisector Area Array Attribute Average Base Base 10 Bar Graph BEDMAS or PEDMAS Definition Bell Curve or Normal Distribution Binomial Box and Whisker Plot/Chart:  A graphical representation of data that spots differences in distributions, and plots the ranges of data sets. Calculus:  The branch of mathematics involving derivatives and integrals. The study of motion in which changing values are studied. Capacity:  The amount a container will hold. Centimeter:  A metric unit of measurement concerning length, abbreviated as cm. 2.5 cm is approximately an inch. Circumference:  The complete distance around a circle or a square. Chord:  The segment which joins two points on a circle. Coefficient:  A factor of the term. x is the coefficient in the term x(a b) or 3 is the coefficient in the term 3y. Common Factors:  A factor of two or more numbers. A number that will divide exactly into different numbers. Complementary Angles - The two angles involved when the sum is 90 °. Composite Number:  A composite number has at least one other factor aside from its own. A composite number cannot be a prime number. Cone:  A three dimensional shape with only one vertex, having a circular base. Conic Section:  The section formed by the intersection of a plane and a cone. Constant:  A value that doesnt change. Coordinate:  The ordered pair that states the location on a coordinate plane. Used to describe location and or position. Congruent:  Objects and figures that have the same size and shape. The shapes can be turned into one another with a flip, rotation or turn. Cosine:  The ratio of the length (in a right triangle) of the side adjacent to an acute angle to the length of the hypotenuse Cylinder:  A three -dimensional shape with a parallel circle at each end and connected by a curved surface. Decagon:  A polygon/shape that has ten angles and ten straight lines. Decimal:  A real number on the base ten standard numbering system. Denominator:  The denominator is the bottom number of a fraction—the top number is called the numerator. The denominator is the total number of parts. Degree:  The unit of an angle, angles are measured in degrees shown by the degree symbol:  ° Diagonal:  A line segment that connects two vertices in a polygon. Diameter:  A chord that passes through the center of a circle. Also the length of a line that cuts the shape in half. Difference:  The difference is what is found when one number is subtracted from another. Finding the difference in a number requires the use of subtraction. Digit:  Digits are a characteristic of numerals. 176 is a 3-digit number. Dividend:  The number that is being divided. The number found inside the bracket. Divisor:  The number that is doing the dividing. The number found outside of the division bracket. Edge:  A line that joins a polygon or the line (edge) where two faces meet in a three-dimensional solid. Ellipse:  An ellipse looks like a slightly flattened circle, also known as a plane curve. Planetary orbits take the form of ellipses. End Point:  The point at which a line or a curve ends. Equilateral:  All sides are equal. Equation:  A statement showing the equality of two expressions usually separated by left and right signs and joined by an equals sign. Even Number:  A number that can be divided or is divisible by 2. Event:  Often refers to the outcome of probability. Answers questions like What is the probability the spinner will land on red? Evaluate:  To calculate the numerical value. Exponent:  The number that gives reference to the repeated multiplication required. The exponent of 34 is the 4. Expressions:  Symbols that represent numbers or operations. A way of writing something that uses numbers and symbols. Face:  The face refers to the shape that is bounded by the edges on a 3 dimensional object. Factor:  A number that will divide into another number exactly. The factors of 10 are 1, 2 and 5. Factoring:  The process of breaking numbers down into all of their factors. Factorial Notation:  Often in combinatorics, you will be required to multiply consecutive numbers. The symbol used in factorial notation is ! When you see x!, the factorial of x is needed. Factor Tree:  A graphical representation showing the factors of a specific number. Fibonacci Sequence:  A sequence whereby each number is the sum of the two numbers preceding it. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 is a Fibonacci sequence. Figure:  Two dimensional shapes are often referred to as figures. Finite:  Not infinite. Finite has an end. Flip:  A reflection of a two dimensional shape, a mirror image of a shape. Formula:  A rule that describes the relationship of two or more variables. An equation stating the rule. Fraction:  A way of writing numbers that are not whole numbers. The fraction one-half is written 1/2. Frequency:  The number of times an event can happen in a specific period of times. Often used in probability. Furlong:  A unit of measurement that is the side length of one square of an acre. One furlong is approximately 1/8 of a mile, 201.17 meters and 220 yards. Geometry:  The study of lines, angles, shapes and their properties. Geometry is concerned with physical shapes and the dimensions of the objects. Graphing Calculator:  A larger screen calculator thats capable of showing/drawing graphs and functions. Graph Theory:  A branch of mathematics focusing on the properties of a variety of graphs. Greatest Common Factor:  The largest number common to each set of factors that divides both numbers exactly. The greatest common factor of 10 and 20 is 10. Hexagon:  A six sided and six angled polygon. Hex means 6. Histogram:  A graph that uses bars where each bar equals a range of values. Hyperbola:  One type of conic section. The hyperbola is the set of all points in a plane. The difference of whose distance from two fixed points in the plane is the positive constant. Hypotenuse:  The longest side of a right angled triangle, and always the side thats opposite of the right angle. Identity:  An equation that is true for values of their variables. Improper Fraction:  A fraction whereby the denominator is equal to or greater than the numerator, such as 6/4. Inequality:  A mathematical equation containing either a greater than, less than or not equal to symbols. Integers:  Whole numbers, positive or negative including zero. Irrational:  A number that cannot be represented as a decimal or as a fraction. A number like pi is irrational because it contains an infinite number of digits that keep repeating; many square roots are irrational numbers. Isoceles:  A polygon having two sides equal in length. Kilometer:  A unit of measure that equals 1000 meters. Knot:  A curve formed by an interlacing piece of string by joining the ends. Like Terms:  Terms with the same variable and the same exponents/degrees. Like Fractions:  Fractions having the same denominator. (Numerator is the top, denominator is the bottom) Line:  A straight infinite path joining an infinite number of points. The path can be infinite in both directions. Line Segment:  A straight path that has a beginning and an end, known as endpoints. Linear Equation:  An equation whereby letters represent real numbers and whose graph is a line. Line of Symmetry:  A line that divides a figure or shape into two parts. The two shape must equal one another. Logic:  Sound reasoning and the formal laws of reasoning. Logarithm:  A power to which a base, [actually 10] must be raised to produce a given number. If nx a, the logarithm of a, with n as the base, is x. Mean:  The mean is the same as the average. Add up the series of numbers and divide the sum by the number of values. Median:  The Median is the middle value in your list or series of numbers. When the totals of the list are odd, the median is the middle entry in the list after sorting the list into increasing order. When the totals of the list are even, the median is equal to the sum of the two middle (after sorting the list into increasing order) numbers divided by two. Midpoint:  A point that is exactly half way between two set points. Mixed Numbers:  Mixed numbers refer to whole numbers with fractions or decimals. Example 3 1/2 or 3.5. Mode:  The mode in a list of numbers refers to the list of numbers that occur most frequently. A trick to remember this one is to remember that mode starts with the same first two letters that most does. Most frequently Mode. Modular Arithmetic:  a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers wrap around upon reaching a certain value of the modulus. Monomial:  An algebraic expression consisting of a single term. Multiple:  The multiple of a number is the product of the number and any other whole number. (2,4,6,8 are multiples of 2) Multiplication:  Often referred to as fast adding. Multiplication is the repeated addition of the same number 4x3 is the same as saying 3333. Multiplicand:  A quantity multiplied by another. A product is obtained by multiplying two or more multiplicands. Natural Numbers:  Regular counting numbers. Negative Number:  A number less than zero. For instance  - a decimal .10 Net:  Often referred to in elementary school math. A flattened 3-dimensional shape that can be turned into a 3-D object with glue/tape and folding. Nth Root:  The nth root of a number is the number needed to multiply by itself n times in order to get that number. For instance: the 4th root of 3 is 81 because 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 81. Norm:  The mean or the average, or an established pattern or form. Numerator:  The top number in a fraction. In 1/2, 1 is the numerator and 2 is the denominator. The numerator is the portion of the denominator. Number Line:  A line in which points all correspond to numbers. Numeral:  A written symbol referring to a number. Obtuse Angle:  An angle having a measure greater than 90 ° and up to 180 °. Obtuse Triangle:  A triangle with at least one obtuse angle as described above. Octagon:  A polygon with 8 sides. Odds:  The ratio/likelihood of an event in probability happening. The odds of flipping a coin and having it land on heads has a 1/2 chance. Odd Number:  A whole number that is not divisible by 2. Operation:  Refers to either addition, subtraction, multiplication or division which are called the four operations in mathematics or arithmetic. Ordinal:  Ordinal numbers refer to the position: first, second, third etc. Order of Operations:  A set of rules used to solve mathematical problems. BEDMAS is often the acronym used to remember the order of operations. BEDMAS stands for brackets, exponents, division, multiplication, addition and subtraction. Outcome:  Used usually in probability to refer to the outcome of an event. Parallelogram:  A quadrilateral that has both sets of opposite sides that are parallel. Parabola:  A type of curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed straight line, called the directrix. Pentagon:  A five-sided polygon. Regular pentagons have five equal sides and five equal angles. Percent:  A ratio or fraction in which the second term on denominator is always 100. Perimeter:  The total distance around the outside of a polygon. The total distance around is obtained by adding together the units of measure from each side. Perpendicular:  When two lines or line segments intersect and form right angles. Pi:  The symbol for Pi is actually a greek letter (Ï€). Pi is used to represent the ratio of a circumference of a circle to its diameter. Plane:  When a set of points joined together form a flat surface, the plan can extend without end in all directions. Polynomial:  An algebraic term. The sum of two or more monomials. Polynomials include variables and always have one or more terms. Polygon:  Line segments joined together to form a closed figure. Rectangles, squares, pentagons are all examples of polygons. Prime Numbers:  Prime numbers are integers that are greater than 1 and are only divisible by themselves and 1. Probability:  The likelihood of an event happening. Product:  The sum obtained when any two or more numbers are multiplied together. Proper Fraction:  A fraction where the denominator is greater than the numerator. Protractor:  A semi-circle device used for measuring angles. The edge is subdivided into degrees. Quadrant:  One quarter (qua) of the plane on the Cartesian coordinate system. The plane is divided into 4 sections, each section is called a quadrant. Quadratic Equation:  An equation that can be written with one side equal to 0. Asks you to find the quadratic polynomial that is equal to zero. Quadrilateral:  A four (quad) sided polygon/shape. Quadruple:  To multiply or to be multiplied by 4. Qualitative:  A general description of properties that cannot be written in numbers. Quartic:  A polynomial having a degree of 4. Quintic:  A polynomial having a degree of 5. Quotient:  The solution to a division problem. Radius:  A line segment from the center of a circle to any point on the circle. Or the line from the center of a sphere to any point on the outside edge of the sphere. The radius is the distance from the center of a circle/sphere to the outside edge. Ratio:  The relation between to quantities. Ratios can be expressed in words, fractions, decimals or percents. E.g., the ratio given when a team wins 4 out of 6 games can be said a 4:6 or four out of six or 4/6. Ray:  A straight line with one endpoint. The line extends infinitely. Range:  The difference between the maximum and the minimum in a set of data. Rectangle:  A parallelogram which has four right angles. Repeating Decimal:  A decimal with endlessly repeating digits. E.g., 88 divided by 33 will give a 2.6666666666666 Reflection:  A mirror image of a shape or an object. Obtained from flipping the image/object. Remainder:  The number that is left over when the number cannot be divided evenly into the number. Right Angle:  An angle that is 90 °. Right Triangle:  A triangle having one angle equal to 90 °. Rhombus:  A parallelogram with four equal sides, sides are all the same length. Scalene Triangle:  A triangle with three unequal sides. Sector:  An area between an arc and two radii of a circle. Sometimes referred to as a wedge. Slope:  The slope shows the steepness or incline of a line, determined from two points on the line. Square Root:  To square a number, you multiply it by itself. The square root of a number is the value of the number when multiplied by itself, gives you the original number. For instance 12 squared is 144, the square root of 144 is 12. Stem and Leaf:  A graphic organizer to organize and compare data. Similar to a histogram, organizes intervals or groups of data. Subtraction:  The operation of finding the difference between two numbers or quantities. A process of taking away. Supplementary Angles:  Two angles are supplementary if their sum totals 180 °. Symmetry:  Two halves which match perfectly. Tangent:  When an angle in a right angle is X, the tangent of x is the ratio of lengths of the side opposite x to the side adjacent to x. Term:  A part of an algebraic equation or a number in a sequence or a series or a product of real numbers and/or variables. Tessellation:  Congruent plane figures/shapes that cover a plane completely without overlapping. Translation:  A term used in geometry. Often called a slide. The figure or shape is moved from each point of the figure/shape in the same direction and distance. Transversal:  A line that crosses/intersects two or more lines. Trapezoid:  A quadrilateral with exactly two parallel sides. Tree Diagram:  Used in probability to show all of the possible outcomes or combinations of an event. Triangle:  Three sided polygon. Trinomial:  An algebraic equation with three terms, a specific type of polynomial. Unit:  A standard quantity used in measurement. An inch is a unit of length, a centimeter is a unit of length a pound is a unit of weight. Uniform:  All the same. Having the same in size, texture, color, design etc. Variable:  When a letter is used to represent a number or number in equations and or expressions. E.g., in 3x y, both y and x are the variables. Venn Diagram:  A Venn diagram is often two circles (can be other shapes) that overlap. The overlapping part usually contains information that is pertinent to the labels on both sides of the Venn diagram. For instance: one circle could be labeled Odd Numbers, the other circle could be labeled Two Digit Numbers the overlapping portion must contain numbers that are odd and have two digits. Thus, the overlapping portions shows the relationship between the sets. (Can be more than 2 circles.) Volume:  A unit of measure. The amount of cubic units that occupy a space. A measurement of capacity or volume. Vertex:  A point of intersection where two (or more) rays meet, often called the corner. Wherever sides or edges meet on polygons or shapes. The point of a cone, the corners of cubes or squares. Weight:  A measure of how heavy something is. Whole Number:  A whole number doesnt contain a fraction. A whole number is a positive integer which has 1 or more units and can be positive or negative. X-Axis:  The horizontal axis in a coordinate plane. X-Intercept:  The value of X when the line or curve intersects or crosses the x axis. X:  The roman numeral for 10. x:  A symbol most often used to represent an unknown quantity in an equation. Y-Axis:  The vertical axis in a coordinate plane. Y-Intercept:  The value of y when the line or curve intersects or crosses the y axis. Yard:  A unit of measure. A yard is approximately 91.5 cm. A yard is also 3 feet.

Trickster-God-Creator - 1433 Words

Tricksters appear in the mythology and folklore of many cultures around the world. Although the power and relative divinity of each Trickster varies from tradition to tradition, Tricksters have important roles in the creation, development, and sometimes destruction, of each culture. The Coyote of Native North American traditions is often depicted as assisting the â€Å"Great Mystery† or â€Å"Great Spirit† in the creating and populating of the world (Leeming). In the Greek myths Hermes is initially a sly infant who captures a tortoise with his untruths and fashions the first lyre from its shell, but eventually transitions to a place amongst the Olympic pantheon as the messenger of the gods. In the Norse myths of the Scandinavian countries, Loki is a†¦show more content†¦Coyote is sometimes purely self-concerned, such as in the Sioux story of â€Å"Coyote, Iktome, and the Rock† (Leeming 50-2), providing the subject for cautionary morality tales. He is als o often the victim of his own pride, such as his attempt to stay awake by propping open his eyes in order to be the first to arrive at Spirit Chiefs lodge at dawn and receive a new name. Coyote falls asleep anyway, retains his name, and creates a permanent slant in his eyes (Dove 17-26). At other times, however, Coyote is selfless and miraculous. In the tale of â€Å"Montezuma and Coyote in Canoes,† from the Papago tradition of Arizona, after the Great Mystery has made the earth, and people have been made to populate it, led by Montezuma, Coyote comes to the great leader of men and instructs the chief to build a canoe. Montezuma doesnt understand why he would need a canoe, but before long a flood of Biblical magnitude washes away the land, and only Coyote and Montezuma survive to lead the new people the Great Mystery creates to repopulate (Leeming 110-11). 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A fool can be described as one who is deficient in judgment, sense, or understanding and also can be someone who acts unwisely on a given occasion. A trickster is defined as someone that swindles or plays tricks. Often a trickster is a mischievous or roguish figure in myth or folklore.(Websters Online Dictionary) Fools and trickster are used frequently in poetry andRead MoreVictor Frankenstein Ambition Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pagesultimately punishment for acting like a god. Arrogance is a characteristic that Victor and Prometheus possess, both believing they can manipulate their world. Victor Frankenstein demonstrates his arrogance for the natural world throughout the novel, even predicting â€Å"A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me† (Shelley 84). The quest to further science leads Victor to believe he can become a creator of life. Prometheus manipulates nature

Genetic Engineering An Organism - 2297 Words

What if diseases did not exist, people lived 50+ years longer than they do now, and the genes of unborn children could be picked? Sounds pretty appealing. But the catch is, it is not done naturally and there are still risks involved. Genetic engineering could have the ability to change generations to come and would target a huge amount of people and could even increase the population. Genetic engineering alters an organism s genetic makeup by unreal means, usually involving the transfer of a specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a completely different species. Also called transformation, genetic engineering works by physically removing a gene from one organism and inserting it into another, giving it the ability to express the†¦show more content†¦It is the carrier of genetic information and is the same in all organisms. DNA is critical to the success of genetic engineering. When a gene for a desirable trait is taken from one organism and inserted into another, i t gives the receiving organism the ability to express that same trait. Process of Genetic Engineering The first step in genetic engineering would be to find an organism that naturally contains the specific desired trait. Then, the DNA is extracted from that organism. After the one desired gene must be located and copied from thousands of genes that were extracted, this is called gene cloning. The gene may be modified slightly to work in a more desirable way once inside the recipient organism. The new genes, called a transgene is delivered into cells of the recipient organism. This is called transformation. Once a transgenic organism has been created, traditional breeding is used to improve the characteristics of the final project. So genetic engineering does not eliminate the need for traditional breeding. Traditional Breeding v. Genetic Engineering Although the goal of both genetic engineering and traditional plant breeding is to improve an organism’s traits, there are some key differences between them. While genetic engineering manually moves genes from one organism to another, traditional breeding moves genes through

International Management The Global Expansion

Question: Describe about the International Management for The Global Expansion. Answer: Source Problems The case study The Last Rajah: Ratan Tata and Tatas Global Expansion throws light on the issues faced by the Tata group because of its strategy of expanding the company in the world. The company aims at maintaining its traditional value in the market. The business has a brand image in the target market that the company wants to maintain. The case study discusses the management and diversification strategies of the brand. The company has always aimed to expand itself in various sectors such as the telecom sector and the iron and steel industry. The brand has a brilliant past and it strives to maintain its brand name. To be successful like its past, it is essential that the company recruits effective and efficient management. The problem that the brand is facing is that Tata group is unable to maintain the same level of motivation as in the past after relinquishing all his power to his successor. The primary objective is to expand the company globally more and more to compete in the tw enty first century. To remain competitive as ever, the company needs to upgrade itself. Another challenge that the company is facing is maintaining a high level of corporate social responsibility. The source problem is the departure of Ratan Tata who was the role model for the company and under whose leadership the brand scaled heights. Moreover, the group is facing some management and organizational issues. Secondary Problems The secondary problems of Tata Group can be categorized into short- term and long- term. This section would discuss other problems faced by the organization. It would also comprise a brief discussion of the problems that may arise in the future. Some of the major problems are as follows: Short Term The company is facing economic problems due to the economic downturn of Indian as well as the world market. This may slow down the growth of the company in the future. Moreover, this may hamper the affiliations of the company and lead to a rise in the overall expenditure (Shanbhag et al., 2016). The financial burden of the organization has increased after it merged with the foreign company Corus. The merger has resulted in an increase of debt upon the company. Another critical issue is that of the resource management. There are several manufacturing issues. It is thus extremely crucial to make better strategies so that the resource conversion gets better (Stadtler, 2015). Long term The company has undertaken a number of mergers in the past. This is a marketing strategy on the part of the company to expand itself globally. At the same time, to avoid conflict, it is crucial that the functioning of all the companies is integrated properly (Monczka et al., 2015). The acquisition of land rover and jaguar may catapult and instead have contradictory results. The company had bought Ford motor with the vision of launching a cheap car in the mass market. Analysis The analysis section comprises the main segment of the report. This segment would deal with the major issues faced by the group as a whole. A comprehensive discussion would help to understand the reasons behind the issues and thus help to resolve them. The Tata group is one of the largest organizations in the world. The Group plays a crucial role in the Indian market. The company operates in many sectors such as consumer goods, automobile, hotels, communication, steel, chemicals, and energy. The company has been the leader in the regional market. Ever since its inception, the Group has expanded itself in the world with every passing day. This continuous expansion has lead to an incredible growth of the company in the Indian as well as the international market. The company has made its presence felt in the market through effective business strategies such as takeovers, mergers, and acquisitions. It has kept itself grounded in the international market. The company is inarguably among the most important companies in nations such as Russia, China, and Brazil. The company has over hundred companies operating in different businesses in different parts of the world. It has over four hundred subsidiaries (Schiele et al., 2014). One of the major strengths of the Tata group is that it has a strong foothold in the local market. It is one of the top companies in developing nations such as Brazil, Russia, and China. Availability of cheap labor in the developing countries has proved to be a great source of strength for the company. Due to availability of cheap labor, the company has been able to produce goods at a relatively cheaper rate and sell them at low prices. Also, the abundant availability of raw minerals and technology has been a source of strength. Simply speaking, the Group has three major weapons that is, technology, labor, and raw material. Availability of all the basic needs has proved to be beneficial for the company. However, the company at present is facing some issues due to the departure of Ratan Tata. Absence of such a strong leader is a weakness for the Group. Also, the company is lacking corporate social responsibility ("Tata group", 2016). However, a slowdown in the Indian economy and rising competition in the local as well as the global markets are severe threats that the company is currently facing. The managers are losing their focus. Moreover, there is a lack of integration between the international and local organizations. This results in a rise of conflict in goals, vision, and ideas within the organization (Walker, 2015). There are a number of tools that can be utilized to analyze the strategic position of the company. A BCX matrix is quite helpful in analyzing the position of the company in the market. The matrix would help to understand the position and future of the business firm. Figure 1: BCG Matrix The BCG Matrix gives a two dimensional view of the company- the growth rate of industry and the relative market share (Tao Shi, 2016). The above diagram shows the strategic position of the business units of Tata Group. An explanation of the strategy is as follows: Star- The business units that would ensure high market rate and high level of growth in the future are the stars of the Group. For Tata group, Tata Power, Tata Motors, Tata Steel and the hotels are the star performers. These businesses have the best operations in the Group. Management should lay emphasis on the development of these businesses as these would enhance the brand name. These are already well-known and established business units. These units represent growth opportunities and best profits in the long run. They generate high revenue and need huge cash flow to retain the position. Branded as Taj Group, the IHCL or Indian Hotels Company Limited is a part of the Tata Group and is one of the largest business conglomerates of India. The chain of Hotels is operated in countries like the USA, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Africa, UK, Bhutan, the Middle East and the Maldives along with 108 hotels in India ("Tata group", 2016). Question mark- The units which have low market share in a fast growing industry are question marks. They need huge investment for promotional activities and grow their market share. They have a huge potential to generate profits and gain a dominant position in the market. Tata Group must therefore build effectual management strategies to increase the market share. Due to competition in the market, there is a huge scope for these units to grow. Cash Cows- The business units categorized as cash cows generate unusually huge profit margins. These are the businesses with high share in the market and low growth rate. They generate more cash than is generally required. This is beneficial as the extra cash can be utilized by other units. These business units have low growth rate and high market share. It means that these units are doing well but are not able to do better due to a slowdown in the industry. Hence, less or a negligible amount of investment must be made in these small business units. Dogs- These business units are the cash drainers and have a very bleak future. It is a self sustaining business that is generating cash just to break even. They are of no profit to the company and hence can be sold or hired off. Generally products in this category are in the stage of decline and there is no scope of survival (Shanbhag et al., 2016). Formerly known as Tata Tea Limited, the Tata Global Beverages Limited is considered to be the dogs of the Group. It has several non-alcoholic beverages under brand names like Tetley, JEMCA and Tata Tea. Since there is very low market growth, the company must make ways to divest from these units. The case study further provides a lot of information about the acquisitions and mergers undertaken by the company. This includes acquisition of Daewoo chemicals and the companies Land Rover and Jaguar. It had merged with Corus which landed the company into huge debts. The company had also acquired Ritz- Carlton Hotels ("Tata group", 2016). Moreover, the company had also bought the shares of PT Kaltim Prima. These mergers have helped the company to establish its foothold in the world market. The company has been able to make its presence felt because of these mergers and acquisitions. These mergers and acquisitions also helped the company in increasing the effectiveness, overall services, and efficiency of the company (Schiele et al., 2014). Criteria of Evaluation The criteria of evaluation would include the strategic analysis and objectives of the company. Goal Possible Indices Target Time Frame KPIs The goal of the business firm is mainly to integrate various business units into a whole. Better employee management system Effective human resource system Customer and employee satisfaction Completion of human resource exchange program by the end of next year Three years Operational efficiency Employee satisfaction To repay the debt Reduction of debts in the balance sheet Complete repaying the loan Five years Shareholder satisfaction Financial position Increase cash flow Increase of sales Increase the revenue of Tata Motors Increase sales of car in the market One year Operational efficiency Customer satisfaction Financial position Improve the companys supply chain management system Distribution system of Tata motors and Tata Steel Introduction of better techniques in resource management to preserve the outflow of resources Three years Financial growth High customer satisfaction Better processes (Kim et al., 2012). Development of Project Nano Increase sales of Nano Cars Increase manufacturing plants of Nano Increase the sales of Nano cars by almost 20% within one year and more in the upcoming year One year Financial growth Demands of customer Develop the market for small cars Demand for small cars Increase sales and availability Four years Finance Customer Operations Improvement of market capitalization Increase of value of market shares Profits Market value Share value (Li Hsu 2016). Five years Financial position Employee satisfaction Customer shareholder Alternatives This segment of the report would discuss the options available for the management team of Tata Group. A proper management would help the decision making process of the company. The strategies mentioned below can be adopted by the management to overcome the issues that Tata Group is facing in the given case study. Again, the options may be short term or long term. Short Term The management must incorporate employee exchange programs to increase the value system and integration process. This would help foreign employees to understand the working scenario in India. It would also help to understand the organizational culture. To accomplish this, the management must make a centralized consulting board. This would tie up the core value system and integrate the business units. The management must increase and customize the sales and production of Nano cars for better services to its customers (Allen et al., 2013). Long Term The company must open new plants for manufacturing Nano. This might take a bit long time but would increase the sales of Nano to a great extent. The business firm must focus on developing its growth in the car market. The company would have to provide cheap and good products. The cars must be good in appearance and performance. Recommended Strategy Short Term The management can implement employee exchange programs to increase value system and integration. The need is to create a centralized consulting board so that the company can provide flexibility for foreign employees. This would help them to understand the organizational culture (Allen et al., 2013). The management must strive to increase and customize the sales and production of cars by almost twenty percent by next year. It is important to maintain the financial independence in all the business units. The management must aim at increasing its market capitalization and reducing debt. This can be achieved by investing capital in areas through which the company would earn more revenues. The firm must concentrate on developing its car business. Long Term Tata must open new plants for manufacturing Nano cars. The Nano is the lowest price segment in the car business. It can compete with other low segment cars businesses. However, along with providing low pieced cars, it must also look at the appearance and quality. The company must not compromise with the quality of its product. Justification of Recommendations The company can select any strategy among the recommended ones. However, it is highly recommended that the company must first focus on integrating international and regional work culture and lay emphasis on expanding its car business. The company must select the strategy of employee exchange program as it would help the employees from India as well as from foreign countries to understand the core traditional system of the organization. It would also help to understand the work culture in various markets and then adopt it (Davoudi et al., 2012). The next strategy that has been suggested is that the company must focus on the production and marketing of small cars like Nano. The main target market must be India. Since this is the star business unit, the company must focus on developing this unit. It must invest more in this unit. Moreover, in India, Tata motors is the innovator and leader of small cars market. Hence the management must take the advantage of this star status. Other strategies mentioned in the report may also be implemented but it is better to keep the recommended strategies on the priority list. Once these strategies are successful, the company can look over the other strategies. Implementation, Control and Follow-up There are many strategies that the managers can adopt and implement and then follow up and control them. To implement the recommended strategies, the company must firstly communicate its needs to the staff and the higher management. A proper centralized committee must be formed and the human resource department must assist in preparing an employee exchange program. Similar rules may be applicable for employees working in any part of the world. To implement the marketing development strategies of Nano, meetings with top management employees and key stakeholders must be organized. Launching new marketing and investment plans would be helpful in the long run. Once the strategies are implemented, it is extremely important to control and follow it. To check the impact of the implemented strategy, the management can use the strategic control method of balance score card. Moreover, appropriate sessions must be fixed among the departments to get proper feedback, check the implementation of strategy and review it in case of any issue (Christopher, 2016). References Allen, M. R., Ericksen, J., Collins, C. J. (2013). Human resource management, employee exchange relationships, and performance in small businesses.Human Resource Management,52(2), 153-173. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Davoudi, S., Shaw, K., Haider, L. J., Quinlan, A. E., Peterson, G. D., Wilkinson, C., ... Davoudi, S. (2012). Resilience: A Bridging Concept or a Dead End?Reframing Resilience: Challenges for Planning Theory and Practice Interacting Traps: Resilience Assessment of a Pasture Management System in Northern Afghanistan Urban Resilience: What Does it Mean in Planning Practice? Resilience as a Useful Concept for Climate Change Adaptation? The Politics of Resilience for Planning: A Cautionary Note: Edited by Simin Davoudi and Libby Porter.Planning Theory Practice,13(2), 299-333. Kim, W., Lee, S. J., Youn, M. K. (2012). Portfolio for Social Commerce Growth Using Customer Repurchase Intention Factors: The Case of Korea.Advances in Information Sciences Service Sciences,4(23). Li, M., Hsu, C. H. (2016). Linking customer-employee exchange and employee innovative behavior.International Journal of Hospitality Management,56, 87-97. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Mooradian, T. A., Matzler, K., Ring, L. J. (2012).Strategic marketing. Pearson Prentice Hall. Ni, Y. (2013). Employee engagement and social exchange theory: are they related or not?. Noe, R. A., Wilk, S. L., Mullen, E. J., Wanek, J. E. (2014). Employee Development: Issues in Construct Definition and Investigation ofAntecedents.Improving Training Effectiveness in WorkOrganizations, ed. JK Ford, SWJ Kozlowski, K. Kraiger, E. Salas, and MS Teachout (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997), 153-189. Palia, A. P., De Ryck, J., Mak, W. K. (2014). Interactive Online Strategic Market Planning With the Web-Based Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix Graphics Package.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,29. Pfaff, G. E. (Ed.). (2012).User Interface Management Systems: Proceedings of the Workshop on User Interface Management Systems held in Seeheim, FRG, November 13, 1983. Springer Science Business Media. Qiang, W. A. N. G. (2014). Application of BCG Matrix Method in Transformation to Modern Vocational Education of Local Undergraduate Colleges.Value Engineering,32, 165. Schiele, H., Harms, R., Banerjee, S. (2014). A national competitiveness-based portfolio approach for international strategic management: illustrated with the case of the TATA industries.European Journal of International Management 11,8(1), 106-125. Schiele, H., Harms, R., Banerjee, S. (2014). A national competitiveness-based portfolio approach for international strategic management: illustrated with the case of the TATA industries.European Journal of International Management 11,8(1), 106-125. Shanbhag, M., Dutt, M. L., Bagwe, S. (2016). Strategic Talent Management: A Conceptual Analysis of BCG Model.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(7). Shanbhag, M., Dutt, M. L., Bagwe, S. (2016). Strategic Talent Management: A Conceptual Analysis of BCG Model.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(7). Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tao, Z. Q., Shi, A. M. (2016). Application of Boston matrix combined with SWOT analysis on operational development and evaluations of hospital development.European review for medical and pharmacological sciences,20(10), 2131-2139. Tata group. (2016).Tata.com. Retrieved 6 October 2016, from https://www.tata.com. Walker, H. (2015). Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Practical Ideas for Moving Towards Best Practice, B. Cetinkaya, R. Cuthbertson, G. Ewer, T. Klaas-Wissing, W. Piotrowicz, C. Tyssen, 2011, 301 pages, Springer, London, 52.95, ISBN: 978-3-642-12023-7. Xiao, H. (2015). Web-based Automobile Sales Management System.

Psychotherapy Vs Crisis Intervention Essays - Clinical Psychology

Psychotherapy Vs Crisis Intervention Psychotherapy, also known as crisis counseling, is an organized conceptual framework, which uses multiple psychological theories to assist an individual towards problem resolution. This type of therapy / counseling may be appropriate after crisis intervention since the goal of psychotherapy is problem resolution and the goal of crisis intervention is problem management. The two should always be treated separate. Both in terms of function and application. Psychotherapy is usually a longer-term type of counseling. It relies mainly on establishing communication between the therapist and individual as a means of understanding and modifying the individual behavior. The formulation of a plan of attack on the problem might be weeks or months in the making while the the rapist and individual explore for the underlying cause of the problem that precipitated the crisis that made the individual seek help to begin with. In psychotherapy, the therapist leads the individual to self-discovery and attempts to remediate more or less ongoing emotional problems in order that new ways of coping with stress and new patterns of behavior may develop. Crisis intervention however, deals with the here and now. The goal of crisis intervention is to help the individual regain a pre-crisis stability. This can be accomplished by interrupting the maladaptive behavior of the individual as skillfully and quickly as possible. This will often require providing for the individual that which the individual can not provide for themselves. This could be emotional or physical support or even direction at a time in the individual's life when self - direction may be impossible. Therefore, every momement is crucial to the intervener, especially if the individual is to maximize their involvement in psychotherapy after the crisis. Unlike psychotherapy, crisis intervention calls for instigating plans of action immediately by the intervener to help the individual discover an adaptive means of coping with a particular crisis. Since the term crisis usually refers to a person's perception of feelings of fear, shock and / or distress about a disruption rather than the disruption itself, crisis intervention requires careful assessment of the individual, family and environmental factors. Because of this, the intervener is encouraged to select, integrate and apply useful concepts and strategies from all available approaches to help the individual. Unlike the long, expensive, psychotherapy, crisis intervention is typically short term, six to twelve weeks. The focus of intervention must continue to pertain to the immediate crisis and stay away from the unresolved issues or past issues unless these issues pertain directly to the handling of the current traumatic event. Both crisis intervention and psychotherapy strive to maintain equilibrium in the individual. However, crisis intervention, an intervener takes positive control providing immediate stability to the individual. Psychotherapy focuses on the therapist leading the individual into discovery of self and teaching coping mechanisms for the true underlying causes of the individuals personal crisis. Crisis intervention is met to be short term process mitigating immediate dangers, where as, psychotherapy is a long term process leading an individual through underlying traumas to learn to cope successfully with daily life.

Free Essays on Achilles

Although the very first line of the Iliad state that it is Achilles’ anger that costs the Achaians thousands of lives, it is actually the Trojans who suffer the price of his anger. The Achaians suffered because of his pride. When Agamemnon says that he is the most important warrior (1. 185-187), Achilles becomes angry, but his pride had already prompted him to threaten retreat rather than suffer the insult of having Briseis taken. â€Å"And now my prize you threaten in person to strip from me†¦I am returning to Phthia, since it is much better to go home†¦I am minded no longer to stay here dishonored†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1. 161-171) When Agamemnon’s herald’s come to take Briseis, he vows not to fight until the battle reaches his own ships. (1. 335-342). As the Achaians’ losses mount, Agamemnon sends Odysseus to persuade Achilles to help. Once again, it is Achilles pride that stops him from accepting Agamemnon’s offering and joining the battle. Although he states other reasons - that he was truly in love with Briseis (9. 341-343) and that he’d rather live a long and obscure life (9. 411-420) - it is his still wounded pride that motivates his decision. His pride and honor must be restored, and only an apology from Agamemnon will do: â€Å"All the other prizes of hounour he gave the great men and the princes are held fast by them, but from me alone of all the Achaians he has taken and keeps the bride of my heart†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (9. 334-336) â€Å"†¦not if he gave me gifts as many as the sand or dust is, not even so would Agamemnon have his way with my spirit until he had made good to me all this heartrending insolence.† (9. 385-387) This need to have his wounded pride healed is made clear when he sees the injured Machaon driven past his ship. â€Å"†¦now I think the Achaians will come to my knee and stay there in supplication, for a need past endurance has come to them† (11. 608-609). Achilles makes it clear that it is not his fear o... Free Essays on Achilles Free Essays on Achilles Although the very first line of the Iliad state that it is Achilles’ anger that costs the Achaians thousands of lives, it is actually the Trojans who suffer the price of his anger. The Achaians suffered because of his pride. When Agamemnon says that he is the most important warrior (1. 185-187), Achilles becomes angry, but his pride had already prompted him to threaten retreat rather than suffer the insult of having Briseis taken. â€Å"And now my prize you threaten in person to strip from me†¦I am returning to Phthia, since it is much better to go home†¦I am minded no longer to stay here dishonored†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1. 161-171) When Agamemnon’s herald’s come to take Briseis, he vows not to fight until the battle reaches his own ships. (1. 335-342). As the Achaians’ losses mount, Agamemnon sends Odysseus to persuade Achilles to help. Once again, it is Achilles pride that stops him from accepting Agamemnon’s offering and joining the battle. Although he states other reasons - that he was truly in love with Briseis (9. 341-343) and that he’d rather live a long and obscure life (9. 411-420) - it is his still wounded pride that motivates his decision. His pride and honor must be restored, and only an apology from Agamemnon will do: â€Å"All the other prizes of hounour he gave the great men and the princes are held fast by them, but from me alone of all the Achaians he has taken and keeps the bride of my heart†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (9. 334-336) â€Å"†¦not if he gave me gifts as many as the sand or dust is, not even so would Agamemnon have his way with my spirit until he had made good to me all this heartrending insolence.† (9. 385-387) This need to have his wounded pride healed is made clear when he sees the injured Machaon driven past his ship. â€Å"†¦now I think the Achaians will come to my knee and stay there in supplication, for a need past endurance has come to them† (11. 608-609). Achilles makes it clear that it is not his fear o...

Ap american DBq essays

Ap american DBq essays The American Revolution is one of the most significant events in American history. This revolution formed a new view on government and revolutionized its organization which was the first of its kind. Various factors have helped pushed this revolution into full throttle; the unfair treatment of the colonies by England and its parliament, which affected the colonies negatively socially, politically, as well as economically. However, it is certain that this revolution would not have been successful if the colonies had not developed a sense of their identity and united as Americans by the Before the American Revolution unity among the colonies was unheard of. As the political cartoon by Benjamin Franklin in the Pennsylvania Gazette suggested, if the colonies wished to remain alive and independent they must work together as a whole. The colonies themselves, however, would not unite until George Grenville, the royal treasurer, decided to create several acts, aimed at removing the economic pressure from The Proclamation of 1763, one of the first of many unpopular acts, prohitbited settlers to settle beyond the Appalachian mountains. Next came the Stamp Act of 1764, although this cut down the tax on molasses, it also meant that the tax was actually going to be collected. In the same year the Navigation Act, which prohibited the colonists from directly exporting goods except to Britain and Currency Act, which prohibited the use of paper money, were passed creating more conflict and hatred towards England. These actions towards the colonies might have been negative, however it had actually strengten the bonds developing between the colonies. After, the infamous Boston Tea Party in 1773, where a group known as the Sons of Liberty, lead by Samuel Adams, dumped three ...